Cancer in Dogs: Signs to Look for and Common Treatments

As a pet owner, hearing the word “cancer” in relation to your beloved dog can be frightening. Unfortunately, cancer in dogs is a common diagnosis, especially in older pets. While some types of cancer can be aggressive, early detection and proper treatment can improve a dog’s quality of life and, in some cases, extend their lifespan. Knowing the warning signs and available treatment options can help you make informed decisions for your pet’s health. If you suspect your dog may have cancer or you’ve noticed unusual symptoms, contact LePar Animal Hospital in Evergreen Park at (708) 423-3200 or book an appointment online today.

 

 

What Are Some Common Signs of Cancer in Dogs?

Cancer in dogs can present in many ways, and symptoms often depend on the type and location of the disease. While some signs may be subtle, others can be more noticeable. Below are some of the most common symptoms that could indicate cancer in dogs:

Unexplained Lumps or Bumps

Not all lumps are cancerous, but any new or growing mass should be examined by your veterinarian. Some tumors may feel firm or irregular, while others may be soft and movable. A biopsy is often necessary to determine whether a lump is benign or malignant.

Changes in Appetite and Weight Loss

Dogs with cancer may experience a sudden loss of appetite or unexplained weight loss. Even if they seem interested in food, they may struggle to eat or lose weight despite maintaining their normal diet. Significant weight changes warrant a veterinary visit.

Persistent Coughing or Difficulty Breathing

Certain cancers, such as lung tumors or lymphoma, can cause chronic coughing, wheezing, or labored breathing. If your dog has difficulty catching their breath or their cough persists for weeks, it may be a sign of an underlying issue.

Wounds That Won’t Heal

If your dog has a sore that doesn’t heal within a reasonable timeframe, it could be a sign of skin cancer or another underlying condition. Cancerous growths often ulcerate, bleed, or become infected, making them difficult to heal completely.

Lethargy and Decreased Activity

Dogs with cancer often become less active and may seem unusually tired. If your dog is typically energetic but now prefers to sleep most of the day or struggles to engage in normal activities, cancer could be a contributing factor.

Lameness or Swelling in the Limbs

Certain cancers, such as osteosarcoma (bone cancer), can cause swelling or pain in the legs. If your dog begins limping or favoring a limb without an obvious injury, an underlying tumor may be affecting their bones or joints.

Diagnosing Cancer in Dogs

Early detection is key when it comes to treating cancer in dogs. Your veterinarian will conduct a thorough examination and may recommend diagnostic tests to determine whether your dog has cancer and, if so, what type.

Physical Examination and Medical History

Your veterinarian will begin by asking about any changes in your dog’s behavior, appetite, or physical condition. A hands-on exam helps identify lumps, swollen lymph nodes, or other abnormalities that could indicate cancer.

Imaging Tests

X-rays and ultrasounds are often used to detect tumors and assess whether cancer has spread. Imaging allows veterinarians to see inside the body and locate potential areas of concern.

Biopsy and Laboratory Tests

A biopsy involves taking a small sample of tissue from a lump or tumor to examine under a microscope. In some cases, a fine-needle aspirate (FNA) can provide enough information to determine whether the cells are cancerous. Bloodwork and other laboratory tests may also help assess your dog’s overall health.

Types of Cancer in Dogs

Cancer in dogs can develop in various tissues and organs, each with its own prognosis and treatment options. Below are some of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in dogs:

• Lymphoma: Lymphoma is one of the most common cancers in dogs, affecting the lymphatic system. Symptoms include swollen lymph nodes, weight loss, and lethargy. Chemotherapy is the most common treatment and often helps extend a dog’s life significantly.
• Mast Cell Tumors: Mast cell tumors are a type of skin cancer that can range from benign to highly aggressive. They often appear as lumps on the skin and may change in size or color over time. Surgical removal is typically the first line of treatment, sometimes followed by radiation or chemotherapy.
• Osteosarcoma (Bone Cancer): Osteosarcoma is a painful and aggressive cancer that affects the bones, particularly in large-breed dogs. Symptoms include swelling, lameness, and fractures. Treatment may involve amputation of the affected limb and chemotherapy to slow the spread of cancer.
• Hemangiosarcoma: This aggressive cancer affects the blood vessels and is often found in the spleen, heart, or liver. Unfortunately, hemangiosarcoma can develop silently until internal bleeding occurs, causing sudden weakness or collapse. Surgery and chemotherapy are typically used to manage the disease.

Potential Treatment Options for Cancer in Dogs

While a cancer diagnosis can be overwhelming, advancements in veterinary medicine have led to improved treatment options that can help manage the disease and enhance a dog’s quality of life.

Surgery

If a tumor is localized and operable, surgical removal may be the best option. Surgery can be curative in some cases, especially if the cancer is caught early and has not spread.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is often used to treat cancers such as lymphoma and mast cell tumors. Unlike human chemotherapy, which can cause severe side effects, veterinary chemotherapy is typically well-tolerated, with mild effects like nausea or lethargy.

Radiation Therapy

Radiation is used to shrink tumors or eliminate cancer cells that surgery cannot remove. It is particularly effective for certain skin cancers, nasal tumors, and mast cell tumors.

Immunotherapy

Newer treatments, such as immunotherapy, help stimulate a dog’s immune system to recognize and fight cancer cells. This therapy is still evolving but has shown promising results for certain cancers.

Palliative Care and Quality of Life Considerations

If cancer is advanced or treatment options are limited, palliative care focuses on keeping dogs comfortable and pain-free. Pain management, appetite stimulants, and supportive care can help improve quality of life.

Supporting Your Dog Through Cancer Treatment

A cancer diagnosis is not only difficult for dogs but also for their owners. Providing comfort, monitoring for changes, and working closely with your veterinarian can make a significant difference.

• Nutrition and Hydration: A balanced diet is essential for dogs with cancer. Some dogs may benefit from a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet to support their immune system. Hydration is also crucial, as cancer can cause increased fluid loss.
• Regular Veterinary Checkups: Frequent checkups help monitor treatment progress and adjust medications as needed. Your veterinarian will assess your dog’s response to treatment and recommend any necessary changes to their care plan.
• Emotional Support and Comfort: Dogs sense their owner’s emotions, so maintaining a calm and supportive environment is important. Gentle exercise, favorite activities, and a quiet, stress-free space can improve your dog’s well-being.

When to Consult Your Veterinarian at LePar Animal Hospital

If your dog is showing any signs of cancer, early intervention is crucial. The sooner a diagnosis is made, the more treatment options may be available. Contact LePar Animal Hospital in Evergreen Park at (708) 423-3200 or book an appointment online to discuss your pet’s health concerns. Your veterinarian can help determine the best course of action and provide guidance on managing cancer in dogs.